In order to evaluate the adaptability of nanometer microspheres to the Pubei Test Block, laboratory experiment study based on the nanometer microspheres profile controlling and flooding mechanism was carried out. The experimental results showed that nanometer microspheres dissolved in oilfield sewage owned a good dispersion, and its median grain diameter can meet the plugging requirement. When the solution concentration was 2 000 mg/L, nanometer microspheres hydration swelling effect was the best, and its multiple expand reached 5.7 after thirty days. The final oil recovery was raised by 10% by nanometer microspheres profile control and displacement. It was concluded that nanometer microspheres could plug the high permeability layer of nonhomogeneous formation. The experimental results can provide theoretical bases and technological support for enhance oil recovery of low permeability reservoir．